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mmmmppppeeeegggg((((4444)))) mmmmppppeeeegggg((((4444)))) NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE mpeg - MPEG compression format DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN MPEG is a set of standards for digitally coding audio and video. The name is derived from Moving Pictures Experts Group, which is the technical committee of ISO/IEC (the International Organisation for Standardisation and the International Electrotechnical Commission) responsible for developing these specifications. Several standards have been developed, targeted for different applications. MPEG-1 encodes non-interlaced material and is optimized for single-speed CD-ROM bitrates (about 1.5 Mbps). MPEG-2 handles interlacing and is intended for applications at higher bitrates (4 Mbps or greater) like studio-quality TV. MPEG-4 is in its early stages and is targeted for very low bitrates that may be useful for videophone and other applications. (MPEG-3 was intended for HDTV/ATV but was merged with MPEG-2). Below we describe the components of MPEG-1 (unless otherwise indicated, subsequent references to MPEG in this document apply to MPEG-1 only). This standard specifies the syntax for three types of bitstreams : video, audio, and systems. VVVViiiiddddeeeeoooo BBBBiiiittttssssttttrrrreeeeaaaammmm Compression utilizes tranform coding and motion estimation, which attempt to remove spatial and temporal redundancies in the original image sequence. Image dimensions up to 4096 by 4096 pixels and various frame rates up to 60 Hz are specified (field information is not defined in the video bitstream), with bitrates up to 105 Mbps allowed. AAAAuuuuddddiiiioooo BBBBiiiittttssssttttrrrreeeeaaaammmm Compression is based on subband coding, which divides the input into different frequency bands and allocates bits across frequencies based on perceptual importance. Mono and stereo sources are supported at sampling rates of 32, 44.1 and 48 KHz, and allowable bitrates range from 32 to 448 Kbps. Three layers of encoding are specified : Layers I, II, and III. Generally speaking, the higher layers provide better compression (lower bitrates for the same audio quality) at the expense of greater computational complexity. The higher layers are also supersets of the lower layers in the sense that a Layer III decoder must be able to decode an audio bitstream of any layer, and a Layer II decoder must be able to decode bitstreams from Layers I and II. PPPPaaaaggggeeee 1111 mmmmppppeeeegggg((((4444)))) mmmmppppeeeegggg((((4444)))) SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmmssss BBBBiiiittttssssttttrrrreeeeaaaammmm The systems specification defines how the compressed audio and compressed video bitstream are multiplexed; no additional compression is performed. This layer serves to packetize and interleave the compressed audio and video data, along with timestamp information and decoder buffering requirements. Up to 16 video and 32 audio streams may be multiplexed in a single systems stream. PPPPRRRROOOODDDDUUUUCCCCTTTTSSSS The MPEG compression format is supported by several developer and end- user products. Current support is limited to MPEG-1, Layers I/II audio, and systems streams with one audio track and one video track. CCCCoooommmmpppprrrreeeessssssssiiiioooonnnn LLLLiiiibbbbrrrraaaarrrryyyy Provides MPEG-1 video and audio encoding and decoding. See CCCCLLLLiiiinnnnttttrrrroooo((((3333ddddmmmm)))), ccccllll____mmmmppppeeeegggg1111((((3333ddddmmmm)))), and ccccllll____aaaawwwwaaaarrrreeee((((3333ddddmmmm)))). AAAAuuuuddddiiiioooo FFFFiiiilllleeee LLLLiiiibbbbrrrraaaarrrryyyy Provides MPEG-1 audio encoding and decoding. See AAAAFFFFiiiinnnnttttrrrroooo((((3333ddddmmmm)))) and AAAAFFFFaaaawwwwaaaarrrreeee((((3333ddddmmmm)))). MMMMoooovvvviiiieeee LLLLiiiibbbbrrrraaaarrrryyyy Provides reading and playback of MPEG-1 systems or video bitstreams. See mmmmvvvvIIIInnnnttttrrrroooo((((3333ddddmmmm)))). DDDDiiiiggggiiiittttaaaallll MMMMeeeeddddiiiiaaaa TTTToooooooollllssss Several tools enable end-users to create, manipulate, and play MPEG-1 bitstreams. Please refer to the man pages listed in the final section. FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS /usr/share/data/movies/studio.mps - sample MPEG-1 systems bitstream file (movie including soundtrack) SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO The offical MPEG-1 specification : ISO/IEC International Standard 11172. Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio for Digital Storage Media Up to About 1.5 Mbit/s. mediaconvert(1), dmconvert(1), mediaplayer(1), mediamaker(1), CLintro(3), cl_mpeg1(3), cl_aware(3dm), AFintro(3dm), AFaware(3dm), mvIntro(3mv), aware(5) PPPPaaaaggggeeee 2222